Imaging
Those who care for patients with pulmonary, critical care or sleep disorders rely heavily on chest radiology and pathology to determine diagnoses. The Southwest Journal of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep publishes case-based articles with characteristic chest imaging and related pathology.
The editor of this section will oversee and coordinate the publication of a core of the most important chest imaging topics. In doing so, they encourage the submission of unsolicited manuscripts. It cannot be overemphasized that both radiologic and pathologic images must be of excellent quality. As a rule, 600 DPI is sufficient for radiographic and pathologic images. Taking pictures of plain chest radiographs and CT scans with a digital camera is strongly discouraged. The figures should be cited in the text and numbered consecutively. The stain used for pathology specimens and magnification should be mentioned in the figure legend. Those who care for patients with pulmonary, critical care or sleep disorders rely heavily on chest radiology and pathology to determine diagnoses. The Southwest Journal of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep publishes case-based articles with characteristic chest imaging and related pathology. The editor of this section will oversee and coordinate the publication of a core of the most important chest imaging topics. In doing so, they encourage the submission of unsolicited manuscripts. It cannot be overemphasized that both radiologic and pathologic images must be of excellent quality. As a rule, 600 DPI is sufficient for radiographic and pathologic images. Taking pictures of plain chest radiographs and CT scans with a digital camera is strongly discouraged. The figures should be cited in the text and numbered consecutively. The stain used for pathology specimens and magnification should be mentioned in the figure legend.
Medical Image of the Week: Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis
Figure 1. Flow-volume curve demonstrating flattening of both the inspiratory and expiratory limbs consistent with extra-thoracic obstruction.
Figure 2. Video demonstrated the vocal cords essentially fixed in the adducted position during the inspiratory and expiratory cycle.
A 59-year-old morbidly obese woman with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary emboli required emergency intubation. She was described by the anesthesiologist as having a difficult airway. The patient was liberated from the ventilator after two days. Following extubation she complained of hoarse voice and dyspnea. Physical exam revealed audible stridor. The upper airway was normal by CAT imaging. Flow-volume curve demonstrated marked flattening of both the inspiratory and expiratory limbs, consistent with a fixed extra-thoracic obstruction (Figure 1). Endoscopy revealed the vocal cords to be in the adducted position, with minimal movement throughout the respiratory cycle, consistent with bilateral vocal cord paralysis (Figure 2).
Traumatic intubation follows thyroid surgery as the most common cause of bilateral vocal cord paralysis (1). In a minority of patients spontaneous recovery may occur. Surgical treatment options include cordotomy or tracheostomy. Nocturnal BIPAP has been used in patients who decline surgery (2).
Charles J. Van Hook MD, Britt Warner PA-C, Angela Taylor MD, and Jacquelynn Gould MD.
Longmont United Hospital
Longmont, CO USA
References
- Brandwein M, Abramson AL, Shikowitz MJ. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis following endotracheal intubation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986 Aug;112(8):877-82. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rosenthal LH, Benninger MS, Deeb RH. Vocal fold immobility: a longitudinal analysis of etiology over 20 years. Laryngoscope. 2007 Oct;117(10):1864-70.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cite as: Van Hook CJ, Warner B, Taylor A, Gould J. Medical image of the week: bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 2017;15(2):82-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.13175/swjpcc099-17 PDF
Medical Image of the Week: Tracheal Perforation
Figure 1. Axial thoracic CT scan showing air in the mediastinum (red arrow).
Figure 2. Coronal thoracic CT scan showing air in the mediastinum (orange arrow).
Figure 3. Axial thoracic CT scan showing air in the mediastinum (yellow arrow).
Figure 4. Axial thoracic CT scan showing pneumopericardium (blue arrow).
A 45 year old Caucasian man with a history of HIV/AIDS was admitted for septic shock secondary to right lower lobe community acquired pneumonia. The patient’s respiratory status continued to decline requiring emergency intubation in a non-ICU setting. Four laryngoscope intubation attempts were made including an inadvertent esophageal intubation. Subsequent CT imaging revealed a tracheal defect (Figure 1, red arrow) with communication to the mediastinum and air around the trachea consistent with pneumomediastinum (Figure 2, orange arrow and figure 3, yellow arrow). Pneumopericardium (figure 4, blue arrow) was also evident post-intubation. The patient’s hemodynamic status remained stable. Two days following respiratory intubation subsequent chest imaging revealed resolution of the pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium and patient continued to do well without hemodynamic compromise or presence of subcutaneous emphysema. Post-intubation tracheal perforation is a rare complication of traumatic intubation and may be managed with surgical intervention or conservative treatment (1).
Nour Parsa MD, Konstantin Mazursky DO, Sepehr Daheshpour MD, Naser Mahmoud MD
Department of Medicine
University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ
Reference
- Fan CM, Ko PC, Tsai KC, Chiang WC, Chang YC, Chen WJ, Yuan A. Tracheal rupture complicating emergent endotracheal intubation. Am J Emerg Med. 2004;22(4):289-93. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Reference as: Parsa N, Mazursky K, Daheshpour S, Mahmoud N. Medical image of the week: tracheal perforation. Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 2014;9(6):335-6. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13175/swjpcc159-14 PDF